What is a
Constitution?
- Part of a country's sovereignty
- The fundamental and supreme law of the
land
- Basis of all the other laws in the land
- Serves as a guide to the government in
making decisions
Framework of 1935 Constitution
Summary of 1935
Constitution
·
written and signed by Claro M. Recto, President
Constitutional Convention
·
created in accordance with the establishment of the
Commonwealth Republic
·
Tydings-Mcduffie Law of 1934 caused the drafting of
the 1935 constitution
·
effectivity was halted during the Japanese occupation
but continued in 1946 until 1972
·
constitution had to be approved by Pres. Franklin
Roosevelt
·
ratification of constitution included women for the
first time
- The 1935 Constitution was written in 1934, approved and adopted by
the Commonwealth of the Philippines (1935–1946) and later used by the
Third Republic (1946–1972). It was written with an eye to meet the
approval of the US Government as well, so as to ensure that
the U.S. would live up to its promise to grant the Philippines
independence and not have a premise to hold onto its possession on the
grounds that it was too politically immature and hence unready for full,
real independence.
- The 1935 Constitution of the Philippines served as the fundamental
law of the land from 1935 to 1972. It establishes the Commonwealth of the
Philippines and provides that upon withdrawal of American sovereignty in
the country and the declaration of Philippine independence, said
commonwealth shall be known as the Republic of the Philippines.
- The draft of the 1935 Constitution, adopted by the Philippine
Constitutional Convention on 8 February 1935, provides for a unicameral
Legislature and a single six-year term for the President. The draft was
submitted to US President Franklin D. Roosevelt on 18 March 1935. He, in
turn, certified that it conforms with Public Act No. 127 which was passed
by the U.S. Congress on 23 March 1935 and forwarded the same to the Governor
General of the Philippine Islands for ratification of the Filipino people.
The constitution was ratified on 14 May 1935.
- The 1935 Constitution was amended in 1940 and in 1947. This version
incorporates all the amendments.
Legal Bases of Philippine
Education in 1935
Constitution, Article XIV, Sec. 5:
·
Section 5. All educational institutions shall be under
the supervision of and subject to regulation by the State. The Government shall
establish and maintain a complete and adequate system of public education, and
shall provide at least free public primary instruction, and citizenship
training to adult citizens. All schools shall aim to develop moral character,
personal discipline, civic conscience, and vocational efficiency, and to teach
the duties of citizenship. Optional religious instruction shall be maintained
in the public schools as now authorized by law. Universities established by the
State shall enjoy academic freedom. The State shall create scholarships in
arts, science, and letters for specially gifted citizens.
REPUBLIC PERIOD
Brief History
• Transition gov’t ended in 1945, same year
World War II ended • July 4, 1946- 3rd Philippine Republic inaugurated at
Luneta
•
Most meaningful and solemn moment of the independence ceremony was the raising
of the Philippine flag by Pres. Roxas and lowering the American flag by
Ambassador McNatt.
•
Philippine Rehabilitation Act
appropriated with $620 million by U.S Sen. Milliard Tydings in exchange
of Philippines grant parity rights to Americans- equal rights with Filipino
citizen to develop and exploit natural resources of the Philippines and to
operate public utilities in the country.
Educational System/ Curriculum
1.
Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)
• Focused on the rehabilitation of the
school system which was in keeping with the policies of the government.
• 80% of the schools were ruined; cost
of reconstruction: 126 million (annual deficit: P200 million)
•
Executive Order #94- (1947): Department of Instruction to Department of
Education
Republic Act # 139- “Board on Textbooks”
Section 1.
•
Republic Act # 426 (June 18, 1949): PNS to PNC (BS Eed & MA Ed)
2. Elpidio
Quirino (1948-1953)
· The review and
revision of the objectives in the proposed development program in the school
system.
· Providing a
liberal culture basic to the good life
3.
Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957)
•
Attainment of Social and Economic development.
•
Republic Act #896 (June 10, 1953)- Elementary Education Act of 1953. This new
law restore Grade 7 VII which was
abolished by the Education Act 1940.
•
Republic Act #1124 (June 16, 1954) -created Board of National Education -Sen.
Jose P. Laurel as chairman of the
Board’s Committee on Education -University of Masses (basic philosophy of
education)
•
Republic Act #1265 (June 11, 1955)- compulsory daily flag ceremony
•
Republic Act # 1425 (June 12, 1956)- Rizal as subject
4.
Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)
· The
full-day primary school session, which stated in the implementation of
Commonwealth Act 586, has been restores and the maximum size of classes has
been reduced from 60 to 40 pupils.
· The
vernacular is now being used as a medium of instruction in the first two years
of the primary grades for optimum literacy, especially among those pupils who
can stay in school for only a few year.
· The
revision of secondary curriculum emphasizing the science and mathematics
· Emphasis
on vocational education such as Home Industries.
5.
Diosdado Macapagal
· Formulation and
implementation DepEd objectives and policies that will improve the quality of
instruction and strengthen the curricula in all levels of instruction.
· Educational
Program
•The concept of
academic freedom
•Only universities
established by the State
•Religious instruction
in the public schools
•The creation of
scholarships in the arts, sciences and letters was for specially gifted
· Focus
on Educational Practices such as:
•Moral Character
•Vocational Efficiency
•Productivity
•Complete and adequate system of public
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